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--- alternate_history:alternate_terminology [2012/05/12 14:15]
Codae clarifying that justification applies specifically to LTTW
+++ alternate_history:alternate_terminology [2013/04/05 11:53] (current)
Petike
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ====== Alternate Terminology ======
-A very common aspect of creating AH worlds is to give different names to inventions and discoveries made after the [[pods/pods|PoD]]. These are typically very common items one sees or thinks of every day, as a change here is more of a thought-provoking shock to the casual reader.
+A very common aspect of creating [[timeline|AH worlds]] is to give different names to inventions and discoveries made after the [[pods/pods|PoD]]. These are typically very common items one sees or thinks of every day, as a change here is more of a thought-provoking shock to the casual reader.
-Entries here should be listed alphabetically : The name of the OTL technologies as subsections, followed by an description of their OTL etymology and then by an alphabetical list of timelines and the alternative names and terms they use. The entries on this page come from various published AH literature and non-published AH works either from AH.com or other AH sites. If they have their own entry on this wiki, a link is added to their name.
+Entries here should be listed alphabetically: The name of the [[OTL]] technologies as subsections, followed by an description of their OTL etymology and then by an alphabetical list of timelines and the alternative names and terms they use. The entries on this page come from various published AH literature and non-published AH works either from AH.com or other AH sites. If they have their own entry on this wiki, a link is added to their name.
-Fun fact : You can notice in these lists, that there are many instances of certain alternate terms being highly popular (or obvious), which leads to them croping up in several otherwise completely unrelated TLs.
+Some authors like to use 'false friend' terminology, where a name used in OTL for something is used in an [[ATL]] for something else, as this is an easy way of shocking or provoking thought in the reader. For example, [[timelines:Decades of Darkness|Decades of Darkness]] uses "Asperger's Syndrome" to mean AIDS (see below).
+Fun fact: You can notice in these lists, that there are many instances of certain alternate terms being highly popular (or obvious), which leads to them cropping up in several otherwise completely unrelated TLs.
 ===== Aeroplanes/Airplanes =====
-**//OTL//**: Both British and American terms derive from the shape of the wing. In the early days of adoption there were many more terms floating about (e.g. "avion" in French, which is still frequently used nowadays).
+**//[[OTL]]//**: Both British and American terms derive from the shape of the wing. In the early days of adoption there were many more terms floating about (e.g. "avion" in French, which is still frequently used nowadays).
 **[[timelines:A Brother to Dragons]]**: "Avians". Self-explanatory, similar to the OTL French term, but derived from Latin.
@@ Line 23: / Line 25: @@
 **[[timelines:gurkani_alam_mughal_world|Gurkani Alam (Mughal World)]]**: "Vimana", after the flying vehicle from Hinduist mythology. Used due to the much greater influence of Indian culture and science worldwide in this TL.
 **[[timelines/her_diamond_heart|Her Diamond Heart]]**: "Motorflyer". Abbreviation for "motorised flying machine".
-**[[timelines/isaac_s_empire|Isaac's Empire]]** "Dragons". Initially a Chinese invention known as "Roaring Kites", Europeans renamed them.
+**[[timelines/isaac_s_empire|Isaac's Empire]]**: "Dragons". Initially a Chinese invention known as "Roaring Kites", Europeans renamed them.
-**[[timelines/look_to_the_west|Look to the West]]**: "Aerodrome". A term briefly used in OTL to describe early heavier-than-air aircraft, before being reassigned to mean their landing ground.
+**[[timelines:Lands of Red and Gold]]**: A helicopter is known as a "rotorala". Airways/airlines are referred to as "flyways".
-**[[timelines/pax_gallicana|Pax Gallicana (Napoleon's Victory)]]:** The first heavier-than-air flight occurred in the closing months of the Great War (1900-1904), flown by Alfred Wagoner in the United States. The Wagoner name in the United States began to be synonymous with airplane and in North America, airplanes were known under the peculiar-sounding terms "wagons" or "airwagons". The rest of the world referred to them as aircraft or airplanes, as in OTL.
+**[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Aerodrome". A term briefly used in OTL to describe early heavier-than-air aircraft, before being reassigned to mean their landing ground.
+**[[timelines:Pax Napoleonica]]**: The first heavier-than-air flight occurred in the closing months of the Great War (1900-1904), flown by Alfred Wagoner in the United States. The Wagoner name in the United States began to be synonymous with airplane and in North America, airplanes were known under the peculiar-sounding terms "wagons" or "airwagons". The rest of the world referred to them as aircraft or airplanes, as in OTL.
 **[[timelines/puritan_world|Puritan World]]**: "Waraven". Probably evolved from the term "war raven" or something similar.
@@ Line 35: / Line 39: @@
 **[[alternate_history/southern_victory|Southern Victory (TL-191)]]**: While aircraft and aeroplanes are still called the same as in OTL, specific types of planes are often known under alternate terms. Due to the US of the TL being German-allied and German-philic, they adopt the more German-sounding "one-decker", "two-decker", "three-decker" nomenclature for monoplanes, biplanes and triplanes. Also, jets in general are called "turbos".
-**The Fox and the Lillies**: Fighter planes are called "aerohunters" or simply "hunters", mirroring the OTL German and Dutch terms. Interceptor-like fighters are commonly known as "pursuers" (identical to the general OTL term for fighter aircraft in some Slavic-speaking countries). Bombers and ground attack aircraft are known under various terms, including "raiders", "disruptors" and "maulers". Airliners are called "airvoyagers" or more simply "voyageflyers/travelflyers".
+**The Fox and the Lillies**: Fighter planes are called "aerohunters" or simply "hunters", mirroring the OTL  terms in most Germanic and Romance languages. Interceptor-like fighters are commonly known as "pursuers" (identical to the general OTL term for fighter aircraft in some Slavic-speaking countries). Bombers and ground attack aircraft are known under various terms, including "raiders", "disruptors" and "maulers". Airliners are called "airvoyagers" or more simply "voyageflyers/travelflyers".
 ===== AIDS =====
-**//OTL//**: Abbreviation for "Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome".
+**//[[OTL]]//**: Abbreviation for "Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome".
 **[[timelines/chaos|Chaos]]**: "Erworbenes Immunschwäche-Syndrom", abbreviated EISS (pronounced like "ice"). This is actually the literal German translation of the OTL term.
@@ Line 45: / Line 49: @@
 **[[timelines/decades_of_darkness|Decades of Darkness]]**: "Asperger syndrome". Named after the very doctor Asperger, but describing a completely different diagnosis. (So, from an OTL linguistic point of view, it's a [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_friend|"false friend"-style term]].)
-**[[timelines:TL-191 After the End]]**: "Fleischer's Syndrome". Named after Dr. Michael Fleischer, the German scientist who first discovered it in the Congo during the early 1960s.
+**[[timelines:TL-191 After the End|TL-191: After the End]]**: "Fleischer's Syndrome". Named after Dr. Michael Fleischer, the German scientist who first discovered it in the Congo during the early 1960s.
 **[[timelines/for_all_time|For All Time]]**: "SPID". An acronym formed from the Russian term for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
@@ Line 51: / Line 55: @@
 ===== Airships =====
-**//OTL//**: "Airship" is fairly obvious. "Dirigible" comes from the French //dirigeable//, meaning 'steerable', referring to the idea that an airship is a steerable balloon - in contrast to earlier balloons. Rigid airships - "zeppelins" - are named after their German inventor, count Ferdinand von Zeppelin. The term for non-rigid airships - "blimps" - was coined by the British during World War One, after the sound the airship makes when one taps the envelope (balloon) with a finger. The coining of the term is usualy attributed to Lt. A. D. Conningham.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: "Airship" is fairly obvious. "Dirigible" comes from the French //dirigeable//, meaning 'steerable', referring to the idea that an airship is a steerable balloon - in contrast to earlier balloons. Rigid airships - "zeppelins" - are named after their German inventor, count Ferdinand von Zeppelin. The term for non-rigid airships - "blimps" - was coined by the British during World War One, after the sound the airship makes when one taps the envelope (balloon) with a finger. The coining of the term is usualy attributed to Lt. A. D. Conningham.
 **[[timelines/decades_of_darkness|Decades of Darkness]]**: "Cloudship". Self-explanatory.
@@ Line 61: / Line 65: @@
 **[[timelines/look_to_the_west|Look to the West]]**: "Steerable", an English version of the French //dirigeable// etymology noted above.
-**The Fox and the Lillies**: Rigid airships are called "rostislavs" (abbriev. "rosts"), similar to the OTL term "zeppelins" (abbriev. "zeps"). They were invented by the Russian engineer Fyodor Andreievich Rostislavsky from the New Republic of Novgorod, hence the name. Non-rigid airships (blimps) are called "dégonflers" (abbriev. "dégons"). The French invented the first blimps here, just like in OTL, but kept their airship research alive for a longer time and coined the term for a baloon airship instead of the British. "Dégonfler" simply means "deflatable".
+**The Fox and the Lillies**: Rigid airships are called "rostislavs" (abbrev. "rosts"), similar to the OTL term "zeppelins" (abbrev. "zeps"). They were invented by the Russian engineer Fyodor Andreievich Rostislavsky from the New Republic of Novgorod, hence the name. Non-rigid airships (blimps) are called "dégonflers" (abbrev. "dégons"). The French invented the first blimps here, just like in OTL, but kept their airship research alive for a longer time and coined the term for a baloon airship instead of the British. "Dégonfler" simply means "deflatable".
-**The Peshawar Lancers**: "Air Yacht". Self-explanatory.
+**[[The Peshawar Lancers]]**: "Air Yacht". Self-explanatory.
 ===== Alumin(i)um =====
-**//OTL//**: Called "Aluminum" or "Aluminium" depending on where one is from. In OTL it was given its name due to being extracted from the ore Alum. Ironically, the American term is more accurate, since that is what Sir Humphry Davy eventually settled on.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: Called "Aluminum" or "Aluminium" depending on where one is from. In OTL it was given its name due to being extracted from the ore Alum. Ironically, the American term is more accurate, since that is what Sir Humphry Davy eventually settled on.
 **[[timelines/the_britwank_empire|The Britwank Empire]]**, **[[timelines:Look to the West]]** and **[[timelines:Once More Unto the Chappa'ai]]**: "Alumium", from the original version of the name.
@@ Line 73: / Line 77: @@
 ===== Angst =====
-**//OTL//**: Derived (in the English language) from the German word "Angst", which originaly means "fear".
+**//[[OTL]]//**: Derived (in the English language) from the German word "Angst", which originally means "fear".
 **[[timelines/chaos|Chaos]]:** "Horreur", from the French word.
-**The Fox and the Lillies**: "Lek" or "lec", depending on the language. Mild calcques of the original Polish term "lęk".
+**The Fox and the Lillies**: "Lek" or "lec", depending on the language. These are mild calcques of the original Polish term "lęk".
+===== Animal Rights =====
+**//[[OTL]]//**: Self-explanatory.
+**[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Neo-Franciscanism", a reference to St Francis of Assisi.
 ===== Antibiotics =====
-**//OTL//**: The term antibiotic was coined by Selman Waksman in 1942 to describe any substance produced by a microorganism that is antagonistic to the growth of other microorganisms in high dilution. This definition excluded substances that kill bacteria, but are not produced by microorganisms (such as gastric juices and hydrogen peroxide). It also excluded synthetic antibacterial compounds such as the sulfonamides.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: The term antibiotic was coined by Selman Waksman in 1942 to describe any substance produced by a microorganism that is antagonistic to the growth of other microorganisms in high dilution. This definition excluded substances that kill bacteria, but are not produced by microorganisms (such as gastric juices and hydrogen peroxide). It also excluded synthetic antibacterial compounds such as the sulfonamides. Confusingly the word just means 'anti-life'.
 **[[timelines:Cliveless World]]**: "Antimals". Derived from the term 'anti-maladies'.
@@ Line 90: / Line 101: @@
 ===== Antimatter =====
-**//OTL//**: So called because it is the "opposite" of ordinary matter.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: So called because it is the "opposite" of ordinary matter.
 **[[timelines:Ad Astra Per Aspera]]**: "Unmatter". Self-explanatory, though kind of more confusing-sounding than its OTL counterpart.
 **[[timelines:Once More Unto the Chappa'ai]]**: "Countermatter", for the same reason as OTL.
+===== Artificial Intelligence =====
+**//[[OTL]]//**: A non-human intelligence, typically a computer program.
+**[[GURPS|GURPS Alternate Earths II, Caliph]]**: "Djinn". The scientifically and technologically very far developed Muslim world has agreed that the "smokeless fire" of which Allah (according to the Quran) created the Djinni was electricity. So they called their AIs "djinni".
 ===== Assault rifle =====
-**//OTL//**: An English calque of the original German term "Sturmgewehr", which was applied by Nazi Germany for the first true assault rifles produced, simply named the Sturmgewehr 44 and Sturmgewehr 45. The over-dramatic name is probably a consequence of Nazi propaganda naming of weapons.  Amusingly, the term has been further calqued from English to various other European and non-European languages, even though it sounds odd in some of them.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: An English calque of the original German term "Sturmgewehr", which was applied by Nazi Germany for the first true assault rifles produced, simply named the Sturmgewehr 44 and Sturmgewehr 45. The over-dramatic name is probably a consequence of Nazi propaganda naming of weapons.  Amusingly, the term has been further calqued from English to various other European and non-European languages, even though it sounds odd in some of them.
 **[[timelines:Ad Astra Per Aspera]]**: "Autorepeater". Self-explanatory.
@@ Line 106: / Line 123: @@
 ===== Astronaut =====
-**//OTL//**: A combination of the Greek terms //ástron// ("star") and //nautes// ("sailor", "mariner"). The word isn't a purely 20th century invention, as it was used as a mostly poetic term throughout history, and with varying meanings: Percy Greg's //Across the Zodiak//, a book published in 1880, used "astronaut" as a term for "spacecraft"! The first use of astronaut in the modern day sense was by Neil R. Jones in a sci-fi short story published in 1930. The prefered term used in the USSR and the states of the former East Bloc was/is "cosmonaut" (//cosmos// meaning "universe" in Greek). With the recent entry of China into manned spaceflight, a Greek-Chinese kitbash backronym has appeared: "Taikonaut" (//taikong// being one of the Chinese terms for "outer space"). European astronauts are sometimes unofficially (and rather jokingly) refered to as "spationauts" (//spatium// being the Latin term for "space").
+**//[[OTL]]//**: A combination of the Greek terms //ástron// ("star") and //nautes// ("sailor", "mariner"). The word isn't a purely 20th century invention, as it was used as a mostly poetic term throughout history, and with varying meanings: Percy Greg's //Across the Zodiak//, a book published in 1880, used "astronaut" as a term for "spacecraft"! The first use of astronaut in the modern day sense was by Neil R. Jones in a sci-fi short story published in 1930. The prefered term used in the USSR and the states of the former East Bloc was/is "cosmonaut" (//cosmos// meaning "universe" in Greek). With the recent entry of China into manned spaceflight, a Greek-Chinese kitbash backronym has appeared: "Taikonaut" (//taikong// being one of the Chinese terms for "outer space"). European astronauts are sometimes unofficially (and rather jokingly) refered to as "spationauts" (//spatium// being the Latin term for "space"). The recently adopted official Indian term is "vyomanaut" (//vyoma// meaning 'space' or 'sky' in Sanskrit).
-**[[timelines:Gurkani Alam (Mughal World)]]**: "Aasmaan Yatri". Hindi for "Sky Traveller".
+**[[timelines:Gurkani Alam (Mughal World)]]**: "Aasmaan Yatri". Hindi for 'Sky Traveller'.
+**[[timelines:TL-191 After the End|TL-191: After the End]]**: "Weltraumsmann". German for 'Spaceman', since the first man in space was an Austro-Hungarian flown in a joint German/Austro-Hungarian spaceflight mission. The anglophone nations adopt a calque of the term - "spaceman".
+**The Sparrow Avengers universe**: The central European space programme of the Visegrad Union uses the term "stellonaut" (basically the same meaning as OTL "astronaut", but with the Latin adjective for 'star' instead of the Greek one). The Japanese term is "uchū kūkan boijā" ('void (of space) voyager'). The Brits and French use OTL terms, but they don't share them and their adoption wasn't influenced by OTL vocabulary.
 ===== Astroturfing =====
-**//OTL//**: A term used to mean a political movement supposedly arising from the people which is actually faked by the establishment seeking to clothe itself in populist colours. American in origin, it is based on the term "grassroots" to mean genuine examples of such popular political movements, with "astroturf" being a US term for artificial grass on sports pitches, therefore implying a fake political movement.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: A term used to mean a political movement supposedly arising from the people which is actually faked by the establishment seeking to clothe itself in populist colours. American in origin, it is based on the term "grassroots" to mean genuine examples of such popular political movements, with "astroturf" being a US term for artificial grass on sports pitches, therefore implying a fake political movement.
-**Look to the West**: "Rat-Revolt", an anglicisation of the German "//Rattenfänger Revolte//" coined by radical leader Wilhelm Brüning; //Rattenfänger// is the name in German for the figure known in English as the Pied Piper. Refers to German nationalist revolutions supposedly spontaneously organised by the people but actually 'led along' by the tune of the Saxon government's piper. Most people using the English term do not understand where it comes from and think it has something to do with pejoratively describing members of such movements as rats.
+**[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Rat-Revolt", an anglicisation of the German "//Rattenfänger Revolte//" coined by radical leader Wilhelm Brüning; //Rattenfänger// is the name in German for the figure known in English as the Pied Piper. Refers to German nationalist revolutions supposedly spontaneously organised by the people but actually 'led along' by the tune of the Saxon government's piper. Most people using the English term do not understand where it comes from and think it has something to do with pejoratively describing members of such movements as rats.
 ===== Attractor =====
-**//OTL//**: A term from chaos theory, describing a state towards which a dynamical system evolves over time.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: A term from chaos theory, describing a state towards which a dynamical system evolves over time.
 **[[timelines/chaos|Chaos]]:** "Gravitor", because every possible state tends to gravitate towards them.
@@ Line 124: / Line 145: @@
 ===== Bicycles =====
-//**OTL**//: 1868, coined as a kitbash of the Latin prefix //bi-// ('two') and the Greek //kyklos// ('"circle, wheel'). Both the word and the vehicle superseded the earlier term //velocipede// (nowadays considered an archaism). The English word probably is not from French, though often said to be (many French sources say the French word is from English). The assumption apparently is because Pierre Lallement, employee of a French carriage works, improved Macmillan's 1839 pedal velocipede in 1865 and took the invention to America.
+//**[[OTL]]**//: 1868, coined as a kitbash of the Latin prefix //bi-// ('two') and the Greek //kyklos// ('"circle, wheel'). Both the word and the vehicle superseded the earlier term //velocipede// (nowadays considered an archaism). The English word probably is not from French, though often said to be (many French sources say the French word is from English). The assumption apparently is because Pierre Lallement, employee of a French carriage works, improved Macmillan's 1839 pedal velocipede in 1865 and took the invention to America.
 **[[Romanitas]]**: "Birota". Nearly the same as the OTL term, but the second half of the word denotes the rotation of the wheels instead of their circular shape. It is also a purely Latin word, reflecting the dominance of the Roman Empire in this timeline.
@@ Line 130: / Line 151: @@
 ===== Blitzkrieg =====
-//**OTL**//: Literally "Lightning War" in German. Coined by pre-WWI German military strategists and used both in WWI and WWII (with very varying results).
+//**[[OTL]]**//: Literally "Lightning War" in German. Coined by pre-WWI German military strategists and used both in WWI and WWII (with very varying results).
 **[[timelines:Chaos]]:** "Molniya". From the Russian word for "lightning" or "flash".
@@ Line 136: / Line 157: @@
 **[[timelines:Look to the West]]** : "Guerre d'éclair", 'War of Lightning' in French. Comes about much earlier than the OTL version but has the same basic idea of emphasising speed, bypassing enemy armies and swiftly seizing the capital and other key parts of the enemy country. Later the "Guerre de tonnere" ('War of Thunder') idea is introduced, which specifies that the rapidly advancing armies must supply themselves and not live by marauding the locals, as this will only store up problems for the occupation. This requires that the supply train move quickly as well as the army.
-**[[GURPS|GURPS Alternate Earths I, Dixie]]** : "Guerre d'Eclair", with the same etymology as in Look to the West.
+**[[GURPS|GURPS Alternate Earths I, Dixie]]**: "Guerre d'Eclair", with the same etymology as in Look to the West.
 **The Fox and the Lillies**: "Cloudburst warfare". The comparison being cloudbursts rather than lightning.
@@ Line 142: / Line 163: @@
 ===== Capitalism =====
-**//OTL//**: Paradoxically, coined by Karl Marx in his theoretical work //Das Kapital// (published in 1867) to describe the predominant economic system present in Europe, the Americas and most of the other highly developed countries in the world.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: Paradoxically, coined by Karl Marx in his theoretical work //Das Kapital// (published in 1867) to describe the predominant economic system present in Europe, the Americas and most of the other highly developed countries in the world.
 **[[timelines:Chaos]]**: "Monetarism". From //monetas//, the Latin term for "money". In OTL, the term describes a school of economics.
+**[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Carltonism", although this refers to a somewhat more narrow definition than OTL "capitalism". Named for Richard Carlton, a Carolinian economist who republished Adam Smith's writings and built on them. (Adam Smith published much the same works as OTL, but due to the increased prejudice against Scots in TTL, his work was not as widely recognised in his lifetime).
 **The Fox and the Lillies**: "Numulocratism" or "Numulocracy", meaning "money rule". (lit. "coin rule", since //numulus// is Latin for 'coin' and //kratos// is Greek for 'rule'). Coined (pun intended) by French political philosopher Charles Marchand, who was a somewhat more bitter analogue of Karl Marx. His book - the //Das Kapital// analogue - is even called //Numulocratie//.
@@ Line 150: / Line 173: @@
 ===== Cars =====
-**//OTL//**: "Car", a pre-existing contraction of //carriage// previously used to describe horse-drawn vehicles and train carriages. //Automobile// is a Greek-Latin kitbash meaning "it moves (by) itself". A common modern day abbreviation in many countries is "auto". In the early years of motor vehicles, there were many, many more competing terms, perhaps the most common of which was "the machine".
+**//[[OTL]]//**: "Car", a pre-existing contraction of //carriage// previously used to describe horse-drawn vehicles and train carriages. //Automobile// is a Greek-Latin kitbash meaning "it moves (by) itself". A common modern day abbreviation in many countries is "auto". In the early years of motor vehicles, there were many, many more competing terms, perhaps the most common of which was "the machine".
 **[[timelines:A Brother to Dragons]]**: "Carriages". Self-explanatory.
+**[[timelines:better_weather_less_revolutionary_bloodshed_more_indigestions_-_an_alternate_history_of_the_kingdom_of_hawaii|An Alternate History of the Kingdom of Hawaii]]**: In French-speaking territories, small utility vans (analogous to OTL minibuses or camionettes) are called //pemofi//. This is a contraction of the French term //**pe**tit **mo**to**fi**acre// ('small motorcab'). A typical example of such a car is the ubiquotous [[http://www.alternatehistory.com/discussion/showpost.php?p=6158151&postcount=99|Archambault Dépendable]]. Seatbelts are referred to as "safety bands" and were invented and introduced in this TL by the car company [[http://www.alternatehistory.com/discussion/showpost.php?p=6366363&postcount=104|Johnson-Sperry]].
 **Bring the Jubilee**: "Trackless locomotives" or "Minibiles".
@@ Line 168: / Line 193: @@
 **[[timelines/look_to_the_west|Look to the West]]**: "Mobile". Self-explanatory.
-**The Fox and the Lillies**: Commonly referred to by various language-specific abbrieviations of the French term //voiture// ("vehicle", "wagon"). E.g., in English, they're called "Voits" (or, more phonetically, "Voats"). Buses and and other public transit motor vehicles are usualy called "Motor Fiakers/Fiacres" (similar to how OTL BrE uses "coach" for long-distance buses). The term is commonly abbreviated to "fiac/fiak/fyak". Taxis are known under a simple compound word created by combining both existing terms, e.g. "voatfiac" ("vofi" for short). Germans prefer to call cars //Motorkutschen// and many Slavic-speaking countries share their own international term, //samovoz// ("auto-wagon"), which is commonly abbreviated to //savo//. The dominance of French (and secondarily German) terms for motor vehicles stems from the French being the main driving force behind their invention in this TL.
+**The Fox and the Lillies**: Commonly referred to by various language-specific abbrieviations of the French term //voiture// ("vehicle", "wagon"). E.g., in English, they're called "Voits" (or, more phonetically, "Voats"). Buses and other public transit motor vehicles are usualy called "Motor Fiakers/Fiacres" (similar to how OTL BrE uses "coach" for long-distance buses). The term is commonly abbreviated to "fiac/fiak/fyak". Taxis are known under a simple compound word created by combining both existing terms, e.g. "voatfiac" ("vofi" for short). Germans prefer to call cars //Motorkutschen// and many Slavic-speaking countries share their own international term, //samovoz// ("auto-wagon"), which is commonly abbreviated to //savo//. The dominance of French (and secondarily German) terms for motor vehicles stems from the French being the main driving force behind their invention in this TL.
 **[[alternate_history/the_two_georges|The Two Georges]]**: "Steamer". Reflecting the fact that all cars in that AH are still steam-powered even in the 20th century.
+===== Cold war =====
+**//[[OTL]]//**: Specifically referring to the ideological conflict between western capitalism, led by the USA, and eastern communism, led by the USSR, between 1945 and 1989 which dominated the second half of the twentieth century. More generally referring to any conflict between two opposing powers which is not fought openly, but in the shadows through espionage and proxy wars. The term was coined by George Orwell in 1945.
+**Dixie ([[GURPS|GURPS]] Alternate Earths I)**: "The Long Drum Roll".
+**[[Draka]] series**: "The Protracted Struggle"
+**[[timelines/look_to_the_west|Look to the West]]**: "Quiet war".
+**The Sparrow Avengers universe**: "The Wary Balance". More rarely "Pax Tetrarca" - referring to the four superpowers of the timeline (UK, France, China, Japan). It is not as pronounced (ideologically or otherwise) as the OTL cold war and is more on the level of economic and scientific rivalry than a military one. It largely fades away by the mid-1970s and early 1980s.
-===== Computers =====
+===== Computer(s) =====
-//**OTL**//: "Counting machine".
+//**[[OTL]]**//: "Counting machine". Originally referred to a person doing computations/calculations, i.e. a counter/calculator. Later mostly used for the machines doing this (and other stuff).
 **[[timelines:Ad Astra Per Aspera]]**: "Tabulators".
@@ Line 183: / Line 219: @@
 **[[timelines:Cliveless World]]**: "Fountains" or "Founts". Apparently from likening them to a "fountain of wisdom".
+**Gernsback ([[GURPS|GURPS]] Alternate Earths I)**: "Electronic brain". A term sometimes used in OTL as well.
+**[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Ypologists", from the Greek word for calculator (the OTL Greek word for computer is the related "υπολογιστής"). Popularised by a punning song which had early computer pioneers nervously "apologising" to a mob of angry arithmeticians who were out of a job. Prior to this word catching on, early computing experiments were based on programmable looms, and these machines were often just called "programmables", a term that was also used for some early computers.
+**[[timelines:tl-191 after the end|TL 191: After The End]]**: "Combines". Home computers are called "home combines".
 ===== Computer Bugs =====
-**//OTL//**: A term coined by computer programmer Grace Hopper. Read more about the history of the term [[http://www.catb.org/jargon/html/B/bug.html|here]].
+**//[[OTL]]//**: A term coined by computer programmer Grace Hopper. Read more about the history of the term [[http://www.catb.org/jargon/html/B/bug.html|here]].
 **[[timelines/chaos|Chaos]]**: "Weeds". Because they have to be "weeded out" by computer programmers.
+**The Fox and the Lillies**: "Goblins" or "Tricksters". The terms were based more on references to mythology than common plant or animal pests. It is reminescent of the [[OTL]] invention of the internet jargon term "troll" or of the way how certain OTL nations refer to technological glitches in newspaper printing (e.g. typos) as "newspaper goblins".
 ===== Computer Hackers =====
-**//OTL//**: "Hacker", originally derived from 'to hack about', meaning similar to 'to mess about' - "someone who messes about with computers". See also [[http://catb.org/jargon/html/H/hack.html|the Jargon Dictionary entry]].
+**//[[OTL]]//**: "Hacker", originally derived from 'to hack about', meaning similar to 'to mess about' - "someone who messes about with computers". See also [[http://catb.org/jargon/html/H/hack.html|the Jargon Dictionary entry]].
 **[[timelines:Chaos]]**: "Logo" (as in, one Logo, two Logos). Derived from the Greek word for "logic" or "knowledge".
@@ Line 201: / Line 243: @@
 **The Difference Engine:** "Clacker". Note that the novel takes place in a steampunk Victorian Britain entering a primitive version of the Information Age, where computers are actually mechanical calculating engines based on Babbage's design - hence the "clacking" sound they emmit while being used.
+**The Sparrow Avengers universe:** "Cruncher", since hacking involves a fair bit of pattern and code crunching.
+===== Computer Networks =====
+**//[[OTL]]//**: Self-explanatory.
+**[[timelines/chaos|Chaos]]**: "System". Pronounced roughly as "süsthem" in German, the primary global language of the TL.
+===== (Computer) programming =====
+**//[[OTL]]//**: The term originally comes from deciding what acts or events to put on in what order at a concert--the "programme" handed out to the audience is a paper indicating the list of acts. By analogy, if a machine requires a list of directions in a given order, this was referred to as a 'programme'. The verb 'to programme' and adjective 'programmable' was used for the programmable looms of the late eighteenth century, which used punch cards for the programme and therefore are the ancestors of computers. Therefore, note that this term is actually much older than people think, and if writing a TL you may not want to change it to something else unless your TL has a POD earlier than the eighteenth century.
+===== Cotton gin =====
+**//[[OTL]]//**: A contraction of 'cotton engine'. An invention by Eli Whitney in 1793 that can be used to easily separate cotton fibres from seeds and was infamously responsible for making slave labour more profitable in the US South.
+**[[timelines/look_to_the_west|Look to the West]]**: "Cotton-thresher".
 ===== Chaos theory =====
-**//OTL//**: "Disorder / Mayhem Theory". Chaos comes from the Greek //khainein// meaning "to yawn". In ancient Greek mythology, Chaos was the initial state of the universe, which was highly disorganized. The modern (and usual) meaning of the term was established later in Antiquity by the Stoicist school of hellenistic philosophy. A common example used while referring to the Chaos Theory itself, is "the [[alternate history:butterfly effect]]" (a single wawe of a butterfly's wings in a park in London could theoretically influence weather patterns and cause a drizzle in Tokyo, etc.).
+**//[[OTL]]//**: "Disorder / Mayhem Theory". Chaos comes from the Greek //khainein// meaning "to yawn". In ancient Greek mythology, Chaos was the initial state of the universe, which was highly disorganized. The modern (and usual) meaning of the term was established later in Antiquity by the Stoicist school of hellenistic philosophy. A common example used while referring to the Chaos Theory itself, is "the [[alternate history:butterfly effect]]" (a single wawe of a butterfly's wings in a park in London could theoretically influence weather patterns and cause a drizzle in Tokyo, etc.).
 **[[timelines/cliveless_world|Cliveless World]]**: "Weather Mathematics". Referencing the oft-cited butterfly example of OTL.
@@ Line 212: / Line 271: @@
 ===== Chlorine =====
-**//OTL//**: "Chlorine". From the Greek word //khloros//, which means "pale green". First hypothesised by Carl Scheele in 1774, not definitively isolated until Michael Faraday liquefied it in 1821.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: "Chlorine". From the Greek word //khloros//, which means "pale green". First hypothesised by Carl Scheele in 1774, not definitively isolated until Michael Faraday liquefied it in 1821.
 **[[timelines/look_to_the_west|Look to the West]]**: "Muriatine", a back-formation from the fact that the old name for hydrochloric acid (before chlorine was discovered) was "muriatic acid", meaning 'salty' (as it was made from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid, or sea salt and oil of vitriol as they were known at the time).
-===== Cotton gin =====
+===== Comic (book)s =====
-**//OTL//**: A contraction of 'cotton engine'. An invention by Eli Whitney in 1793 that can be used to easily separate cotton fibres from seeds and was infamously responsible for making slave labour more profitable in the US South.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: A storytelling medium consisting of drawn panels in sequence accompanied with written annotations and speech. Mainly known as comic //book//s in North America and just comics in Britain, these names being derived from them being associated with humorous or 'comic' content. Because these terms can therefore sound narrow and dismissive, some people prefer the more general term 'sequential art'. There is also an interconnected tradition of Franco-Belgian comics that are known as //bandes dessinées// ("drawn strips") or BDs for short.
-**[[timelines/look_to_the_west|Look to the West]]**: "Cotton-thresher".
+**[[timelines/look_to_the_west|Look to the West]]**: "Sequents", singular "a sequent". Nobody is quite sure if this is an abbreviation for 'sequential art' (see above) or a mistaken back-formation from less educated people assuming that 'sequence' was the plural form (i.e. thinking it was //sequents//) and therefore 'a sequent' is the singular.
 ===== Cybernetics =====
-**//OTL//**: A term for the science of complex systems. Derived from the Greek //kybernētēs// - "steersman".
+**//[[OTL]]//**: A term for the science of complex systems. Derived from the Greek //kybernētēs// - "steersman".
 **[[timelines/chaos|Chaos]]**: "Theory of Complexity".
@@ Line 230: / Line 289: @@
 ===== Diesel fuel =====
-**//OTL//**: Named after Rudolf Diesel, inventor of the diesel engine.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: Named after Rudolf Diesel, inventor of the diesel engine.
 **[[timelines/her_diamond_heart|Her Diamond Heart]]**: "Ambroseum". Named after Edward Alexander Ambrose, the in-TL inventor of the diesel engine analogue.
@@ Line 238: / Line 297: @@
 ===== Dinosaurs =====
-**//OTL//**: "Terrible/Awesome Lizards". The taxon Dinosauria was formally named in 1842 by paleontologist Sir Richard Owen, who used it to refer to the "distinct tribe or sub-order of Saurian Reptiles" that were then being recognized in England and around the world. The term is derived from the Greek words //deinos// ('terrible', 'potent', or 'fearfully great') and //sauros// (meaning 'lizard' or 'reptile'). Though the taxonomic name has often been interpreted as a reference to dinosaurs' teeth, claws, and other fearsome characteristics, Owen intended it merely to evoke their size and majesty.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: "Terrible/Awesome Lizards". The taxon Dinosauria was formally named in 1842 by paleontologist Sir Richard Owen, who used it to refer to the "distinct tribe or sub-order of Saurian Reptiles" that were then being recognized in England and around the world. The term is derived from the Greek words //deinos// ('terrible', 'potent', or 'fearfully great') and //sauros// (meaning 'lizard' or 'reptile'). Though the taxonomic name has often been interpreted as a reference to dinosaurs' teeth, claws, and other fearsome characteristics, Owen intended it merely to evoke their size and majesty.
 **[[timelines/monarchy_world|Monarchy World]]**: "Ti-Lung". Chinese for "Earth Dragon", because many of the first breakthroughs in the understanding of these extinct reptiles were made at the Chinese fossil bone deposits, rather than those in the West (Europe, North America).
+**The Fox and the Lillies**: "Eudracones", literally meaning "True Dragons" in Latin. Their first discoverers thought that they have found final proof for the existence of dragons in older periods of human history (e.g. Antiquity, the Middle Ages, etc.). Once the scientific methods employed by paleontology had further advanced, these early amateur fossilhunters were proven wrong - but the term had already widely caught on. In addition, some languages have also devised their own terms. For instance, Polish has //smokojeszczur// ('dragon-lizard') and Hungarian uses //dörögögyík// ('thundering lizard') and the calque //valódisarkány// ('true-dragon'). Pterosaurs are often referred to as "harpys" or "wyverns" and were originally conflated with dinosaurs.
+===== Doublethink =====
+**//[[OTL]]//**: A totalitarian concept first described by George Orwell in //1984// (published 1949), in which it is defined as "the power of holding two contradictory beliefs in one's mind simultaneously, and accepting both of them."
+**[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Ericsson Syndrome", after the Swedish alienist (psychologist) Nils Ericsson who first described it in the 1830s. Unlike the OTL example this is supposed to be an actual mental illness that is only later pejoratively applied to other people's political beliefs, suggesting they are not merely hypocritical in their contradictions but literally insane. It was first used in this way by Pablo Sanchez in 1841.
 ===== E=mc² =====
-**//OTL//**: The equation that states that energy and mass are interchangable.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: The equation that states that energy and mass are interchangable.
 **[[timelines/the_britwank_empire|The Britwank Empire]]**: "Equivalence theory", because energy is equivalent to mass, and vice versa.
+**[[timelines/look to the west|Look to the West]]**: "The Lightspeed Square Law", named by analogy to the existing Inverse Square Law, Inverse Cube Law, etc.
 ===== Environmentalism =====
-**//OTL//**: Environmentalism, derived from the originally French word //environment// to describe the vicinity of something, such as oneself, and by extension the wider area of the Earth itself.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: Environmentalism, derived from the originally French word //environment// to describe the vicinity of something, such as oneself, and by extension the wider area of the Earth itself.
 **[[timelines:Chaos]]** and **[[timelines/decades_of_darkness|Decades of Darkness]]**: "Terramici". Latin and Italian for "Friends of the Earth".
 **[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Stewardism", referring to the Biblical admonition that humans are the stewards of the Earth.
+**The Fox and the Lillies**: "Assisism", referencing St. Francis of Assisi's love and admiration for nature. Popularized during the 19th century by pope Martin VII., who was a notable proponent of the importance of enviromentalist thought in modern Christian faith.
+**[[timelines:TL-191 After the End|TL-191: After the End]]**: "Ecoism". Spearheaded particularly by the Brazilians, after the founding of Dr. Lucas Braga's //Partido ecológico// in the 1970s.
+===== Epidemic diseases =====
+**//[[OTL]]//**: From the Greek terms //επί// ('epi'), meaning "upon or above", and //δήμος// ('demos'), meaning "people".
+**[[timelines:Lands of Red and Gold]]**: Doctors and medical scholars of several native Australian cultures refer to them as "bushfire diseases" - a metaphor on these diseases being as deadly and quickly spreading as [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushfires_in_Australia|Australian bushfires]].
 ===== Ethnic cleansing =====
-**//OTL//**: The act of forcibly removing undesirable peoples from a territory desired by another. This can involve anything between forced relocation to full-blown massacres.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: The act of forcibly removing undesirable peoples from a territory desired by another. This can involve anything between forced relocation to full-blown massacres.
 **[[timelines:The Course of Human Events]]**: "Lavation". During the 20th century of the TL, this act was named after the Latin term //lavatiro//, derived from //lavare// - "to wash".
-**[[timelines:Her Diamond Heart]]** and **Liberty's Crystal Skeleton**: "Ethnic Liquidation". Performed by various powers during the Long Winter.
+**[[timelines:Her Diamond Heart]]** and **[[timelines:Liberty s crystal skeleton|Liberty's Crystal Skeleton]]**: "Ethnic Liquidation". Performed by various powers during the Long Winter.
 **[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Racial purging".
@@ Line 269: / Line 348: @@
 =====  (Theory of) Evolution (and Natural Selection) =====
-**//OTL//:** The concept was established and introduced to the scientific world mainly by Charles Darwin in the 1830s-1850s. It posits that species change over time to produce new species with desirable traits, or "survival of the fittest."
+**//[[OTL]]//:** The concept of natural selection was established and introduced to the scientific world mainly by Charles Darwin in the 1830s-1850s. It posits that species change over time to produce new species with desirable traits, or "survival of the fittest." Note that this is often mistakenly referred to as "evolution"; "evolution" just means "one species changes into another over time" and is a very old idea that was discussed by Darwin's own grandfather among others. Darwin's breakthrough was in suggesting a //mechanism// by which this evolution could take place.
 **[[timelines:Cliveless World]]**: "Entwicklung" and "Natürliche Vorwähler". Discovered by a Hungarian analogue of OTL [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregor_Mendel|G. J. Mendel]] and known under the German equivalents of the OTL English terms in most countries of the TL.
@@ Line 279: / Line 358: @@
 ===== Fascism =====
-**//OTL//:** One of the most infamous ideologies in modern history, based on the thesis that nations are monolithical and anti-individualist entities. The first nation where the ideology caught firm roots was inter-war Italy, under the supervision of Benito Mussolini. The name for the regime comes from the Latin //fasces//, an ancient Roman term for a special ceremomial item (an axe with the handle wrapped in a bundle of wooden sticks), which symbolized the jurisdiction and power of Rome since the times of the republic.
+**//[[OTL]]//:** One of the most infamous ideologies in modern history, based on the thesis that nations are monolithical and anti-individualist entities. The first nation where the ideology caught firm roots was inter-war Italy, under the supervision of Benito Mussolini. The name for the regime comes from the Latin //fasces//, an ancient Roman term for a special ceremomial item (an axe with the handle wrapped in a bundle of wooden sticks), which symbolized the jurisdiction and power of Rome since the times of the republic.
 **[[timelines:Decades of Darkness]]**: "Vitalism".
-**[[timelines/pax_gallicana|Pax Gallicana (Napoleon's Victory)]]**: "Zavtraism", from the Russian word //zavtra// ('tomorrow'). Named after the ideology (and later regime) installed and lead in the Russian tsardom by general Anton Morchenko, a fierce nationalist and pan-Slavist (and ATL analogue to both Mussolini and Hitler).
+**[[timelines:Dominion of Southern America]]**: "Kosgaardianism". It isn't a pure analogue of fascism, more like "totalitarianism propagated and promoted by the upper classes", with an equal ideological blend of OTL Fascist and Stalinist thought.
+**[[timelines:Pax Napoleonica]]**: "Zavtraism", from the Russian word //zavtra// ('tomorrow'). Named after the ideology (and later regime) installed and lead in the Russian tsardom by general Anton Morchenko, a fierce nationalist and pan-Slavist (and ATL analogue to both Mussolini and Hitler). This ideology is adapted by several of Morchenko's sympathizers - most notably Sven Lund, the leader of the Swedish //Framtidspartiet// ('Future Party') that took control of the Kingdom of Sweden after a coup launched during the interwar years. The Kingdom of Prussia also becomes an ally of Morchenko and embraces its own revanchist brand of Zavtraism aimed at the other German states.
 **The Fox and the Lillies**: "Lysenkoism", named after one of its founders and main ideologues, Muscovite dictator Andrei Lysenko. False friend word to the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysenkoism|OTL meaning of the term]]. Since Russia never united into a single unified tsardom in this timeline and Lysenko had the ambition of forming one via military might, this ideology is also called "tsarism" (especially in non-Russian circles).
@@ Line 289: / Line 370: @@
 ===== Feminism =====
-**//OTL//:** An ideology promoting equal rights for women.
+**//[[OTL]]//:** An ideology promoting equal rights for women.
 **[[timelines/look_to_the_west|Look to the West]]**: "Cythereanism". Derived from the Greek mythological story that Aphrodite (Venus), symbolic of femininity, was born from the sea on the Greek island of Cythera.
@@ Line 299: / Line 380: @@
 ===== Gaia hypothesis =====
-**//OTL//**: A controversial 20. century theory about the overall structure of Earth's ecology. It purports Earth as a single complex organism. Dubbed after the Greek supreme goddess of Earth.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: A controversial 20th century theory about the overall structure of Earth's ecology. It purports Earth as a single complex organism. Dubbed after the Greek supreme goddess of Earth.
 **[[timelines/cliveless_world|Cliveless World]]**: "Bioteleology".
@@ Line 307: / Line 388: @@
 ===== Gas chamber =====
-**//OTL//**: Self-explanatory.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: Self-explanatory.
 **[[timelines/look_to_the_west|Look to the West]]**: "Phlogisticateur", originally referring only to those that used carbon dioxide and monoxide as the gases. Named for the fact that in //phlogiston// theory (which is refined rather than overturned in LTTW) carbon dioxide is said to be "phlogisticated air" (i.e., oxygen combined with carbon). The term later became more general, being used for execution chambers which work by creating a vacuum inside or using other toxic gases.
+===== Geek =====
+**//[[OTL]]//**: A general slang term used for people who show great interest in a certain hobby and are very knowledgable about it. Formerly more of a pejorative term for such persons, it has become more neutral in recent decades. The word comes from the English dialect //geek//, //geck//: "fool", "freak"; derived in turn from the Middle Low German word //geck//. The root geck still survives in Dutch and Afrikaans //gek//: "crazy", as well as some German dialects, and in the Alsatian word Gickeleshut: geek's hat, used in carnivals. The Swedish transitive verb //gäcka// ("to outsmart", "to fool") has the same root; //att gäcka rättvisan// ("to escape justice by clever tricks") is a set expression.
+**The Fox and the Lillies**: "Revi". Derived from the French word //ręveur//, which means '(day)dreamer' or 'escapist'.
 ===== Geography =====
-**//OTL//**: The Greek term //γεωγραφία// ('geographia') which can be translated literally as "Earth describe-write".
+**//[[OTL]]//**: The Greek term //γεωγραφία// ('geographia') which can be translated literally as "Earth describe-write".
-**The Fox and the Lillies**: "Mundilogy". A kitbash of the Latin //mundus// ('world') and Greek //logos// {'science', 'knowledge'). Literally "worldscience" or "science about the world".
+**The Fox and the Lillies**: "Mundilogy". A kitbash of the Latin //mundus// ('world') and Greek //logos// ('science', 'knowledge'). Literally "worldscience" or "science about the world".
 ===== Gothic architecture =====
-**//OTL//**: Coined during the Renaissance by Italian painter Giorgio Vasari and later French philosopher and scholar Francois Rabelais. Both of them believed the architectural style popular prior to the emerging Renaissance one was of German or Germanic origin, specifically, an invention of the ancient Goths. Hence their preference for calling it "Gothic style". Of note is that this was considered a pejorative term, with the Goths being "Rome-sacking barbarians" from the point of view of Renaissance philosophers.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: Coined during the Renaissance by Italian painter Giorgio Vasari and later by French philosopher and scholar Francois Rabelais. Both of them believed the architectural style popular prior to the emerging Renaissance one was of German or Germanic origin, specifically, an invention of the ancient Goths. Hence their preference for calling it "Gothic style". Of note is that this was considered a pejorative term, with the Goths representing "Rome-sacking barbarians" from the point of view of Renaissance philosophers.
-**The Fox and the Lillies**: "Cistercic". Named after the Cistercian order of monks, who both in OTL and this timeline were instrumental in the construction of the first Gothic cathedrals and the popularization of their architectural style in other parts of Europe.
+**The Fox and the Lillies**: "Cistercic". Named after the Cistercian order of monks, who both in OTL and this timeline were instrumental in the construction of the first Gothic cathedrals and the popularization of their architectural style in other parts of Europe. Coined by a certain Paris university scholar.
 ===== Grey goo =====
-**//OTL//**: A hypothetical end-of-the-world scenario involving molecular nanotechnology in which out-of-control self-replicating robots consume all matter on Earth while building more of themselves, a scenario known as //ecophagy// ("eating the environment"). Coined by molecular nanotechnology pioneer Eric Drexler in his book //Engines of Creation//.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: A hypothetical end-of-the-world scenario involving molecular nanotechnology in which out-of-control self-replicating robots consume all matter on Earth while building more of themselves, a scenario known as //ecophagy// ("eating the environment"). Coined by molecular nanotechnology pioneer Eric Drexler in his book //Engines of Creation//.
 **[[timelines/chaos|Chaos]]:** "Braunschleim". German for "brown slime".
@@ Line 331: / Line 418: @@
 ===== Gregorian calendar =====
-**//OTL://** Named after Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced the new reformed Christian calendar to the western world by a decree on the 24th of February 1582.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: Named after Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced the new reformed Christian calendar to the western world by a decree on the 24th of February 1582.
-**[[timelines/chaos|Chaos]]:** "Sistine calendar". Named not after the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican (which is non-existant in this TL) but after an alternate Pope named Sixtus VI.
+**[[timelines/chaos|Chaos]]:** "Sistine calendar". Named not after the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican (which is non-existent in this TL) but after an alternate Pope named Sixtus VI.
 ===== Guillotine =====
-**//OTL://** "Guillotine", named after Dr Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, a French Revolutionary who suggested it as a humane means for the mass executions in the Revolution. He did not, however, invent it, and earlier models date back as far as the 15th century.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: "Guillotine", named after Dr Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, a French Revolutionary who suggested it as a humane means for the mass executions in the Revolution. He did not, however, invent it, and earlier models date back as far as the 15th century.
 **[[timelines/look_to_the_west|Look to the West]]**: "Chirurgeon". The French word for "surgeon" (referring to the clean cut of the blade).
@@ Line 343: / Line 430: @@
 ===== Gunpowder =====
-**//OTL://** "Gunpowder", as in the powder that goes in guns, and earlier also "black powder" or just "powder".
+**//[[OTL]]//**: "Gunpowder", as in the powder that goes in guns, and earlier also "black powder" or just "powder".
 **[[alternate_history/agent_of_byzantium|Agent of Byzantium]]**: "Hellpowder", reflecting the fact that its Franco-Saxon inventors originally used it in combination with elaborate charades to make it appear that they were demon hordes.
 **Lord Kalvan of Otherwhen**: "Fireseed".
+===== Helicopter =====
+**//[[OTL]]//**: Derived from the French term //hélicoptère//, meaning "device for enabling airplanes to rise perpendicularly," thus "flying machine propelled by screws." The idea was to gain lift from spiral aerofoils, and it didn't work. Used by Jules Verne and the Wright Brothers, the word transferred to helicopters in the modern sense when those were developed in the 1920s.
+**[[timelines/lands_of_red_and_gold|Lands of Red and Gold]]**: "Rotorala", from the terms //rotor// (short for rotator) and //ala// (Latin for "wing").
 ===== Helium =====
-**//OTL//**: "Helium", from the Greek word //helios//, meaning "the sun". This element was first discovered through spectroscopy of the sun in 1868, hence the name.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: "Helium", from the Greek word //helios//, meaning "the sun". This element was first discovered through spectroscopy of the sun in 1868, hence the name.
 **[[timelines/decades_of_darkness|Decades of Darkness]]**: "Solisium", from Latin //solis// - "the sun".  As in OTL, the element was named after its discovery in solar spectroscopy, but the name derived from Latin rather than Greek.
@@ Line 359: / Line 452: @@
 ===== Hologram =====
-**//OTL//**: From the Greek words 'holo' + 'gram' ("whole writing/drawing"), a 3D representation on a 2D surface, usually made using lasers.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: From the Greek words 'holo' + 'gram' ("whole writing/drawing"), a 3D representation on a 2D surface, usually made using lasers.
 **[[timelines/look_to_the_west|Look to the West]]**: "Trisicon". From the Greek //tris// + 'icon' ("three-picture"), referring to the three dimensions.
@@ Line 365: / Line 458: @@
 ===== Hovercraft =====
-**//OTL//**: Self-explanatory ("watercraft that hover on an air cushion").
+**//[[OTL]]//**: Self-explanatory ("watercraft that hover on an air cushion").
 **[[timelines/cliveless_world|Cliveless World]]**: "Hoversleds".
 **[[timelines/gurkani_alam_mughal_world|Gurkani Alam (Mughal World)]]**: "Skimmers". They skim on the surface of water, obviously.
+**[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Amphloaters", a portmanteau of "amphibious" and "floater".
 **The Fox and the Lillies**: "Airfloaters".
+**[[GURPS|GURPS Alternate Earths I, Dixie]]**: GEV. The meaning of the abbreviation is unknown - possibly "Ground E? Vehicle"?
 ===== Hydrogen =====
-**//OTL//**: "Hydrogen". From the Greek word //hydro-genes//, meaning "water former" (as water is produced when it is burnt in air). First produced by Paracelsus in the 15th century, but not recognised as an element until the 1760s and named by Lavoisier in 1783.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: "Hydrogen". From the Greek word //hydro-genes//, meaning "water former" (as water is produced when it is burnt in air). First produced by Paracelsus in the 15th century, but not recognised as an element until the 1760s and named by Lavoisier in 1783.
 **[[timelines/look_to_the_west|Look to the West]]**: "Aquaform". The same meaning as the OTL word, but from Latin rather than Greek roots.
+===== Infrared =====
+**//[[OTL]]//**: The part of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths just longer than red light and therefore just out of the visible spectrum, associated with thermal transmission (i.e. heat). The Latin prefix 'infra-' means 'below', i.e. 'below red' in the spectrum.
+**[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Subrubric light". 'Sub-' is an alternative Latin prefix for 'below', 'rubric' is from the Latin word 'ruber' meaning red. 'Rubric' in OTL is usually used to mean academic marking schemes, as annotations are traditionally done in red ink.
 ===== Internet / World Wide Web =====
-**//OTL//**: Abbreviation of "Inter-connected network" or "International network". Self-explanatory in the case of the World Wide Web.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: Abbreviation of "Inter-connected network" or "International network". Self-explanatory in the case of the World Wide Web.
 **Ace Combat**: In the alternate world of this game series, the equivalent is the so-called "Electrosphere".
@@ Line 395: / Line 497: @@
 **[[GURPS|GURPS Alternate Earths, Shikaku-Mon]]**: "Tapestry"
+**[[timelines:TL-191 After the End|TL-191: After the End]]**: "ComboNet", since computers are known as "combines".
 ===== Jet Stream =====
-**//OTL://** The term has been cobbled together from the following English terms: 1.) "Jet" (noun), defined as "a stream of a liquid, gas, or small solid particles forcefully shooting forth from a nozzle, orifice" etc., derived from the French word //jeter// ('to throw', 'to thrust'). 2.) "Stream" (noun), denoting "a body of water flowing in a channel or watercourse, as a river, rivulet, or brook; a steady current in water, as in a river or the ocean; any flow of water or other liquid or fluid; a current or flow of air, gas, or the like; a beam or trail of light; a continuous flow or succession of anything: a stream of words; prevailing direction". Derived from the ancient Germanic term //straumaz// ('current', 'river').
+**//[[OTL]]//**: The term has been cobbled together from the following English terms: 1.) "Jet" (noun), defined as "a stream of a liquid, gas, or small solid particles forcefully shooting forth from a nozzle, orifice" etc., derived from the French word //jeter// ('to throw', 'to thrust'). 2.) "Stream" (noun), denoting "a body of water flowing in a channel or watercourse, as a river, rivulet, or brook; a steady current in water, as in a river or the ocean; any flow of water or other liquid or fluid; a current or flow of air, gas, or the like; a beam or trail of light; a continuous flow or succession of anything: a stream of words; prevailing direction". Derived from the ancient Germanic term //straumaz// ('current', 'river').
 **[[timelines/the_course_of_human_events|The Course of Human Events]]**: "Aerocourse". //Aero// is Greek, related to the word //aer//, meaning simply “air”. This is combined with the English version of the French term //cors//, which means either "run, running" or "flow (of a river)". This was in turn derived from the Latin word //cursus//, stemming from //currere// - "to run".
@@ Line 404: / Line 508: @@
 ===== Lasers =====
-**//OTL://** "Laser". An acronym for "**L**ight **A**mplification by **S**timulated **E**mission of **R**adiation". Nowadays not much of an acronym, used more often as a simple noun.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: "Laser". An acronym for "**L**ight **A**mplification by **S**timulated **E**mission of **R**adiation". Nowadays not much of an acronym, used more often as a simple noun.
 **[[timelines:Ad Astra Per Aspera]]**: "EMSEL". English acronym for "**E**lectro**m**agnetic **S**timulation **E**mission of **L**ight".
@@ Line 418: / Line 522: @@
 **[[timelines/tellus|Tellus]]**: "Alses". The acronym isn't explained in detail.
-**The Fox and the Lillies**: "GESEL" (**Ge**nerator of **s**timulated **e**mission of **l**ight).
+**The Fox and the Lillies**: "GESEL" (**GE**nerator of **S**timulated **E**mission of **L**ight).
 **[[alternate_history/worldwar|Worldwar]]**: Humans adopt the Race word for laser light - "skelkwank". A laser emitter is called a "ftaskelkwank".
@@ Line 424: / Line 528: @@
 ===== Left and Right (Politics) =====
-**//OTL://** The terms left- and right-wing stem from the early days of the French Revolution, when the deputies of the National Assembly sat in a hemicycle, with the more radical and progressive deputies on the King's left and the more conservative and reactionary deputies on the King's right. Because of this, it is best to avoid using the terms in TLs with no French Revolution, set before the French Revolution, or with an early POD and a significantly different French Revolution.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: The terms "left-" and "right-wing" stem from the early days of the French Revolution, when the deputies of the National Assembly sat in a hemicycle, with the more radical and progressive deputies on the King's left and the more conservative and reactionary deputies on the King's right. Because of this, it is best to avoid using the terms in TLs with no French Revolution, set before the French Revolution, or with an early POD and a significantly different French Revolution.
 **[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: Cobrist, argentist and doradist describe left, centre and right respectively. This comes from the politics of the [[timelines:United Provinces of South America]], which originally had the three political groupings of progressive Colorado (red), centrist Blanco (white) and conservative Amarillo (yellow), each taking its name from one colour of the UPSA flag. However, after these parties started shifting around from their starting positions, political thinkers needed terms to describe those starting positions independent of the parties, and they used the metallic equivalents of the colours in Spanish--cobre (copper), argent (silver) and dorado (gold). The centre of the political spectrum is called the 'argentus', and a political party that holds the centre ground and draws majority of swing voters is said to 'straddle the argentus'.
 **The Fox and the Lillies**: The history of political movements and predominant political ideologies is quite different in this world - for one, it is more of a four-fold world of politics instead of the simpler left-right polarity classification of OTL. There is no historical precedent for the terms "left" and "right" in politics. The rough analogues of leftists and rightists are usualy known under the terms "solidarists" and "traditionalists", respectively.
+===== Machine gun =====
+**//[[OTL]]//**: Stems from the fact that the weapon uses an automatic mechanism to reload itself after each shot, initially using an external power source and later the force of the previous shot. First recorded 1870: prior to becoming the general term, early machine guns were usually referred to by individual names after the inventor or company, such as the Maxim gun. Their predecessors from earlier periods (guns that shot multiple shots by other means) were usually called volley guns, and the French name for machine gun (//mitrailleuse//) is a holdover from these, meaning "grapeshot shooter". Names in other languages for the weapon are usually derived from either the English or French term, but in Russian and related languages the word //Avtomat// ("automatic") is used instead.
+**[[timelines:Decades of Darkness]]**: "Cylinder gun". The name is derived from the cartridges used in the weapon.
+**The [[Guns of the South]]**: Down-time Confederates from 1867, before the invention of the machine gun, are confronted with one being used by time travellers from 2014. They describe it as an "endless repeater", comparing it to the repeating rifles they are familiar with but noting how it never seems to run out of bullets due to the belt feed.
 ===== Manga / Manhua =====
-**//OTL//**: Japanese for "playful images". It is less a genre, and more an artistic style. //Manhua// is simply //manga// in Chinese. "Anime" is short for //animashun//, which is simply "Animation" in Japanese.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: Japanese for "playful images". It is less a genre, and more an artistic style. //Manhua// is simply //manga// in Chinese. "Anime" is short for //animashun//, which is simply "Animation" in Japanese.
 **[[timelines/chaos|Chaos]]**: "Wan Tu". Chinese for "ten thousand pictures". Not exactly the same as OTL manga/anime, but fills a similar role.
@@ Line 438: / Line 551: @@
 ===== Molotov cocktails =====
-**//OTL://** Invented at some point in the first half of the 20th century, these simple, improvised, makeshift incendiary bombs are produced by filling an empty bottle or other glass or ceramic container with gasoline and alcohol and equipping it with a wick or rag for ignition. Though first used on a greater scale during the Spanish Civil War, the name was coined later, by Finnish soldiers fighting the Soviets during the Winter war (mocking Vyacheslav Molotov, the then Foreign Minister of the USSR). Molotov cocktails were also used in various anti-Nazi uprisings of WWII, the anti-Soviet Budapest Uprising of 1956 and have become an iconic symbol of urban guerilla warfare or violent rioting in the popular consciousness over the decades...
+**//[[OTL]]//**: Invented at some point in the first half of the 20th century, these simple, improvised, makeshift incendiary bombs are produced by filling an empty bottle or other glass or ceramic container with gasoline and alcohol and equipping it with a wick or rag for ignition. Though first used on a greater scale during the Spanish Civil War, the name was coined later, by Finnish soldiers fighting the Soviets during the Winter war (mocking Vyacheslav Molotov, the then Foreign Minister of the USSR). Molotov cocktails were also used in various anti-Nazi uprisings of WWII, the anti-Soviet Budapest Uprising of 1956 and have become an iconic symbol of urban guerilla warfare or violent rioting in the popular consciousness over the decades...
 **[[alternate_history/southern_victory|Southern Victory (TL-191)]]**: "Featherston Fizz", dubbed in a similarly mocking fashion after Jake Featherston (the 1930s/1940s leader of the Confederate States of America and ATL analogue of Adolf Hitler).
@@ Line 445: / Line 558: @@
-===== (Computer) Networks =====
+===== Multiple personality disorder =====
-**//OTL://** Self-explanatory.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: Self-explanatory. The modern preferred clinical term is "dissociative identity disorder", but this is not widely known. Often mistakenly called "schizophrenia", which is actually a different general term for disorders involving interrupted thought processes. The confusion arises from the fact that schizophrenia comes from the Greek //skhizein// ("to split") and //phren// ("mind")--people think 'split mind'='split personality' when it actually means `split (interrupted) //thoughts//`.
-**[[timelines/chaos|Chaos]]**: "System". Pronounced roughly as "süsthem" in German, the primary global language of the TL.
+**[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Legion Syndrome", named after the Biblical story of the man possessed by the spirits of many demons who had them exorcised by Jesus Christ.
+===== Neutrino =====
+**//[[OTL]]//**: A very nearly massless subatomic particle, famous for interacting with matter so weakly, hence its Italian name meaning "little neutral one". It is also generated as one of the major components of nuclear reactions.
+**[[timelines:Once More Unto the Chappa'ai]]**: "Micron". From //mikros//, the Greek term for 'small'.
 ===== Nihilism =====
-**//OTL://** "Nihilism" originates from the Latin word //Nihil//, which means "does not exist". It was first coined by the 19th century German philosopher Friedrich Jacobi, who used the word to negatively characterize transcendental idealism. It would be later popularized by Russian author Ivan Turgenev, in his novel //Fathers and Sons//.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: "Nihilism" originates from the Latin word //Nihil//, which means "does not exist". It was first coined by the 19th century German philosopher Friedrich Jacobi, who used the word to negatively characterize transcendental idealism. It would be later popularized by Russian author Ivan Turgenev, in his novel //Fathers and Sons//.
 **[[timelines/the_time_of_crows|The Time of Crows]]**: "Dalism" is the term that came to be used to describe the TL's versions of Nihilism. The term comes from William Dales, a figure of the TL, who espoused such beliefs, following the death of his family to the Reaping Plague.
@@ Line 459: / Line 578: @@
 ===== Nitrogen =====
-**//OTL://** "Nitrogen". From the Greek word //nitron-genes//, meaning "saltpetre former". A common alternative is the French term //azote//, derived from the Greek //azotos// - "lifeless" (as animals cannot live in nitrogen alone). Another early term referring to this was "mephitic air". All these names were coined in the 1770s.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: "Nitrogen". From the Greek word //nitron-genes//, meaning "saltpetre former". A common alternative is the French term //azote//, derived from the Greek //azotos// - "lifeless" (as animals cannot live in nitrogen alone). Another early term referring to this was "mephitic air". All these names were coined in the 1770s.
 **[[timelines/look_to_the_west|Look to the West]]**: "Illuftium", from the Swedish //illaluktande luft// - "foul air". Named by Swedish chemist Carl Scheele both in OTL and //LTTW//, but only recognised internationally in //LTTW//.
+===== Nuclear power =====
+**//[[OTL]]//**: As with nuclear weapons below, comes from the fact that the reaction involves splitting atomic //nuclei//. Earlier on (from 1920s speculation up to the 1950s and 60s reality) it was more commonly termed 'atomic power', and the phrase 'splitting the atom' was often used.
+**[[timelines/look_to_the_west|Look to the West]]**: Nuclear reactors are referred to as "Paradox engines", based on one classically educated scientist's quip that "splitting the atom" is an oxymoron or paradox as the word "atom" means "indivisible".
 ===== Nuclear weapons =====
-**//OTL://** "Atomic/A-bomb". Early term, derived from "splitting the atom" as a description of nuclear fission. "Hydrogen/H-bomb" was coined specifically in contrast to describe fusion weapons using hydrogen as the fusion fuel. "Nuclear bomb" got its name from the fact that the reactions involved splitting atomic //nuclei//.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: "Atomic/A-bomb". Early term, derived from "splitting the atom" as a description of nuclear fission. "Hydrogen/H-bomb" was coined specifically in contrast to describe fusion weapons using hydrogen as the fusion fuel. "Nuclear bomb" got its name from the fact that the reactions involved splitting atomic //nuclei//.
 **[[timelines/A Brother to Dragons]]**: "Atomics".
@@ Line 478: / Line 603: @@
 **[[alternate_history/worldwar|Worldwar]]**: "Explosive-metal bomb". Confusingly sometimes treated as a human term based on a simplistic understanding, and sometimes the Race's own term.
-===== Neutrino =====
-**//OTL//**: A very nearly massless subatomic particle, famous for interacting with matter so weakly, hence its Italian name meaning "little neutral one". It is also generated as one of the major components of nuclear reactions.
-**[[timelines:Once More Unto the Chappa'ai]]**: "Micron". From //mikros//, the Greek term for 'small'.
 ===== Objectivism =====
-**//OTL//**: A philosophy supposedly subscribing to an 'objective' point of view.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: A philosophy supposedly subscribing to an 'objective' point of view.
 **[[timelines/chaos|Chaos]]**: "Veritism", derived from Latin 'veritas' (truth). Although there are some differences.
@@ Line 493: / Line 612: @@
 ===== Oxygen =====
-//**OTL**//: Oxygen, coined by Antoine Lavoisier in 1777, from the Greek //oxys-genes//, "acid-former" due to the (incorrect) contemporary belief that all acids contained oxygen.
+//**[[OTL]]**//: Oxygen, coined by Antoine Lavoisier in 1777, from the Greek //oxys-genes//, "acid-former" due to the (incorrect) contemporary belief that all acids contained oxygen.
 **[[timelines/look_to_the_west|Look to the West]]**: "Elluftium", derived from Swedish //eldluft// ("fire air"). In both OTL and LTTW, Swedish chemist Carl Scheele coined the term before Lavoisier, but in OTL his work was ignored.
+===== Particle accelerator =====
+**//[[OTL]]//**: A piece of scientific equipment, usually very large and ring-shaped, used to accelerate particles (as the name implies) and collide them with each other to study the decay products and thus learn more about subatomic structure and physics in general. A common nickname is "atom smasher". The terms cyclotron and synchotron refer to specific types of particle accelerator but are sometimes mistakenly used as a generic label by the media.
+**[[timelines:look to the west|Look to the West]]**: "Gordian Ring" or "Ring of Gordias". A classical reference to the Gordian Knot, the complex knot which Alexander the Great supposedly 'solved' simply by slicing through it with his sword. The idea behind the analogy is that scientists are similarly using a very direct, violent and destructive method to solve a complex problem: deducing subatomic structure by banging atoms together until they break.
+===== Photography / Photographs =====
+//**[[OTL]]**//: A term consisting of the Greek words //photos// ('light') and //graphé// ('drawing', 'sketching') - thus "photography" ('drawing with light'). Not all OTL languages use the Greek term though: For instance, in Hungarian, a single photograph is known as a //fénykép// ('light picture') and photography is //fényképezés// (lit. 'light-picturing'). Also, an early popular term for photography was "Daguerrotype", after an early French photography pioneer named Daguerre.
+**[[timelines/gurkani_alam_mughal_world|Gurkani Alam (Mughal World)]]**: "Svetzam". An internationally used contraction of the original Czech term //světlozáznam// (lit. 'light recording'), since Czechs invented photography in this TL.
+**[[timelines/look_to_the_west|Look to the West]]**: "Asimicony", later worn down to "Asimcony". An individual photo is called an "asimcon". From the Greek words //asimi// ('silver') and //icon// ('picture'), referring to the fact that early photographic methods used silver salts that turned dark on exposure to light.
 ===== Plasma =====
-**//OTL//**: In physics and chemistry, "plasma" is a state of matter similar to gas in which a certain portion of the particles are ionized. Heating a gas may ionize its molecules or atoms (reduce or increase the number of electrons in them), thus turning it into a plasma, which contains charged particles: positive ions and negative electrons or ions. Ionization can be induced by other means, such as strong electromagnetic field applied with a laser or microwave generator, and is accompanied by the dissociation of molecular bonds, if present
+**//[[OTL]]//**: A Greek word meaning simply "something formed", the vagueness of the term reflecting its many definitions. In physics and chemistry, "plasma" is a state of matter similar to gas in which a certain portion of the particles are ionized. Heating a gas may ionize its molecules or atoms (reduce or increase the number of electrons in them), thus turning it into a plasma, which contains charged particles: positive ions and negative electrons or ions. Ionization can be induced by other means, such as strong electromagnetic field applied with a laser or microwave generator, and is accompanied by the dissociation of molecular bonds, if present. This is the definition used in this article, but note plasma can also mean other things, such as various biological fluids.
 **[[timelines:Ad Astra Per Aspera]]**: "Sonnematerial". German term, literally meaning "sun material".
+===== Plastic =====
+//**[[OTL]]**//: A word meaning "flexible", from the Latin //plasticus//.
+**[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Pseulac", a portmanteau of "pseudo-lacquer", stemming from the fact that the first synthetic plastics in TTL were marketed as an alternative to lacquer.
 ===== Protactinium =====
-//**OTL**//: The name means "before actinium", because actinium is one of the major components of its radioactive decay.
+//**[[OTL]]**//: The name means "before actinium", because actinium is one of the major components of its radioactive decay.
 **[[timelines:Once More Unto the Chappa'ai]]**: "Meissenerium".
-===== Photography / Photographs =====
+===== Psychology and Psychiatry =====
-//**OTL**//: A term consisting of the Greek words //photos// ('light') and //graphé// ('drawing', 'sketching') - thus "photography" ('drawing with light'). Not all OTL languages use the Greek term though: For instance, in Hungarian, a single photograph is known as a //fénykép// ('light picture') and photography is //fényképezés// (lit. 'light-picturing'). Also, an early popular term for photography was "Daguerrotype", after an early French photography pioneer named Daguerre.
+//**[[OTL]]**//: The word psychology, from the Greek "ψυχή-λογος" (//psukhē-logos//) "soul-study", is recorded as early as the seventeenth century but did not become well known until the nineteenth. Psychology refers to the study of the mind and mental disorders for its own sake, or for the good of society as a whole, while psychiatry (the -iatry suffix means 'medical treatment' in Greek) is specifically about the treatment of mental disorders, and tends to emphasise studying the physical structure of the brain more than pure psychology. However, the two are often confused by the general public, media etc. An older popular term from the nineteenth century is 'alienism' (a practitioner of which is an 'alienist') and these terms often show up in steampunk-set timelines.
-**[[timelines/gurkani_alam_mughal_world|Gurkani Alam (Mughal World)]]**: "Svetzam". An internationally used contraction of the original Czech term //světlozáznam// (lit. 'light recording'), since Czechs invented photography in this TL.
+**[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: In LTTW 'alienism' and 'alienist' are still the preferred terms. 'Alienistic cameo' is the term used to mean 'psychological profile'.
-**[[timelines/look_to_the_west|Look to the West]]**: "Asimicony". An individual photo is called an "asimicon". From the Greek words //asimi// ('silver') and //icon// ('picture'), referring to the fact that early photographic methods used silver salts that turned dark on exposure to light.
+===== Quantum theory =====
-===== Plastic =====
+//**[[OTL]]**//: A theory that revolutionised physics and replaced classical theory, its chief early achievement being that it explained the '[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet_catastrophe|Ultraviolet Catastrophe]]' problem. "Quantum" is a Latin word related to "quantity" and refers to the fact that the theory states that energy can only exist in discrete //quanta// or "packets" of a fixed amount, there is not a continuum of gradual increases in energy. Unlike classical theory, quantum theory also demonstrates that the energy of light is dependent on wavelength rather than (as common sense might suggest) amplitude because of this limitation.
-//**OTL**//: A word meaning "flexible", from the Latin //plasticus//.
+**[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Inversion theory". While the theory itself is framed a bit differently, the core concept is the same. The name comes from how physicists noted that the new theory reversed two of the previous assumptions of classical physics: classical physics said that atoms were indivisible and energy was made up of endlessly divisible parts, while quantum says that atoms can be split (though not indefinitely) and energy only exists in fixed discrete amounts that cannot be further divided.
-**[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Pseulac", a portmanteau of "pseudo-lacquer", stemming from the fact that the first synthetic plastics in TTL were marketed as an alternative to lacquer.
 ===== Radar =====
-**//OTL://** "Radar". An acronym for "**RA**dio **D**etection **A**nd **R**anging".
+**//[[OTL]]//**: "Radar". An acronym for "**RA**dio **D**etection **A**nd **R**anging".
 **[[timelines/the_britwank_empire|The Britwank Empire]]**: "RADLON". An acronym for "**RAD**io-wave **LO**cation and **N**avigation".
@@ Line 537: / Line 676: @@
 **[[timelines/monarchy_world|Monarchy World]]**: "ADREA". Acronym for "**A**tkinson's **D**irectional **R**adiation **E**mitter **A**rray".
-**Non-AH**: One //Star Wars// novel featuring a civilisation at a similar level of development to modern Earth refers to radar as the more literal "lightbounce system".
+**Non-AH**: One //Star Wars// novel featuring a civilisation at a similar level of development to modern Earth refers to radar as the more literal "lightbounce system". Also, the re-imagined //Battlestar Galactica// series and its spinoffs calls its analogue of planet-based and space-based radar "DRADIS" (according to an early script, it means "**D**irection, **RA**nge, and **DIS**tance").
 **[[alternate_history/southern_victory|Southern Victory (TL-191)]]**: "Y-range" or "Y-ranging". Derived from "wireless ranging".
+===== Radiation =====
+**//[[OTL]]//**: Radiation is technically a term for any transmission of electromagnetic energy, but it is usually associated with the harmful radiation (alpha and beta particles and gamma rays) from nuclear reactions.
+**[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: In LTTW the electromagnetic spectrum is referred to generally as "light", as it was recognised early on that all forms of electromagnetic radiation are part of a continuum. "Oeculight" (short for oecumenolight) is sometimes used to specifically refer to the whole thing, "Eigenlight" to visible light only, "Infralight" to all invisible wavelengths longer than visible light, "Paralight" to all invisible wavelengths shorter than visible light, and "Cryptolight" for both infralight and paralight together. Because //damaging// radiation is all paralight (UV, gamma, X-rays etc.), it is sometimes called "deleterious paralight" or "del-para" for short. This also suggests a connection with nuclear reactors, as in TTL these are called "paradox engines", but this is just a coincidence.
 ===== Radio =====
-**//OTL://** "Radio". Based on the verb Latin verb "to radiate". An earlier common term was "wireless (telegraphy)". //Funk// is the German term for two-sided radio communication, derived from a verb meaning "flash".
+**//[[OTL]]//**: "Radio". Based on the verb Latin verb "to radiate". An earlier common term was "wireless (telegraphy)". //Funk// is the German term for two-sided radio communication, derived from a verb meaning "flash". //Rundfunk// ("wide-flashing/"wide-radiating") is the term for radio broadcasting or a radio broadcaster. Czech and Slovak have a similar indigenous term, //rozhlas// ("wide-announcing"), while radios are still referred to as radios (//rádiá//, though a radio set can be called a //rozhlasový prijímač//, i.e. "wide-announcing receiver").
 **[[timelines:Cliveless World]]**: "Radiant". Derived from the term 'radiant telegraphy', this timeline's version of wireless telegraphy.
@@ Line 549: / Line 694: @@
 **[[timelines:Decades of Darkness]]**: "Funk". The same as OTL's German word, but used far more globally, including North America.
-**[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Photelegraphy" or "Photel" for short. A contraction of "photo-telegraphy", meaning 'far-writing with light'.
+**[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Photelegraphy" or "Photel" for short. A contraction of "Photonic Telegraphy", meaning 'far-writing with light'.
 **[[timelines:Gurkani Alam (Mughal World)]]**: "Barq Mouj". Persian for 'Lightning Wave'.
@@ Line 555: / Line 700: @@
 **[[timelines:Isaac's Empire]]**: "Hermopalamai". Named after Hermes, the Greek god of messengers. 'Hermes' Device', literally.
-**Non-AH**: The Zhirrzh race in Timothy Zahn's //Conquerors// series refer to all radio transmitters as "Elderdeath weapons", as radio waves cause harm to their Elders (post-death spirits projected from a preserved telepathic organ, basically ghosts that really exist). Also, the remake of //Battlestar Galactica// simply calls radios "wireless".
+**Non-AH**: The Zhirrzh race in Timothy Zahn's //Conquerors// series refer to all radio transmitters as "Elderdeath weapons", as radio waves cause harm to their Elders (post-death spirits projected from a preserved telepathic organ, basically ghosts that really exist). Also, the remake of //Battlestar Galactica// simply calls radios "wireless" (like the once-popular OTL term).
 **[[alternate_history/southern_victory|Southern Victory (TL-191)]]**: "Wireless". Usually referred to as such.
+===== Rally racing =====
+**//[[OTL]]//**: "Rallying", aka "rally racing", is a form of automobile racing that takes place on public or private roads with modified production or specially built road-legal cars. This motorsport is distinguished by running not on a circuit, but instead in a point-to-point format in which participants and their co-drivers drive between set control points (special stages), leaving at regular intervals from one or more start points. Rallies may be won by pure speed within the stages or alternatively by driving to a predetermined ideal journey time within the stages. The term "rally", as a branch of motorsport, probably dates from the first Monte Carlo Rally of January 1911. Until the late 1920s, few if any other events used the term, but after that, it gradually caught on.
+**[[timelines:better_weather_less_revolutionary_bloodshed_more_indigestions_-_an_alternate_history_of_the_kingdom_of_hawaii|An Alternate History of The Kingdom of Hawaii]]**: "Countryride racing" ("countryriding" for short). Particularly reminescent of the cross-country on-road/off-road sort of OTL rallying, with very European/Scandinavian-style rules. And unlike in OTL, it is a very popular motorsport in North America (to the point that one of the most famous countryride car legends is an American-built model, the [[http://www.alternatehistory.com/discussion/showpost.php?p=6366363&postcount=104|Johnson-Sperry Pioneer]]).
 ===== (Theory of) Relativity =====
-//**OTL:**// The term "theory of relativity" was based on the expression "relative theory" (//German: Relativtheorie//) used by Max Planck in 1906, who emphasized how the theory uses the principle of relativity. In the discussion section of the same paper Alfred Bucherer used for the first time the expression "theory of relativity" (German: //Relativitätstheorie//).
+//**[[OTL]]**//: The term "theory of relativity" was based on the expression "relative theory" (//German: Relativtheorie//) used by Max Planck in 1906, who emphasized how the theory uses the principle of relativity. In the discussion section of the same paper Alfred Bucherer used for the first time the expression "theory of relativity" (German: //Relativitätstheorie//).
 **[[timelines/the_britwank_empire|The Britwank Empire]]**: "Invariance theory". Derived from the fact that the speed of light is invariant (i.e., not relative to anything else).
@@ Line 567: / Line 718: @@
 ===== Refining (of oil) =====
-//**OTL:**// Self-explanatory.
+//**[[OTL]]**//: Self-explanatory.
 **[[timelines/chaos|Chaos]]:** "Delication".
@@ Line 574: / Line 725: @@
 ===== Revolver =====
-//**OTL:**// The first true revolver — a flintlock — was made by Elisha Collier in 1818. The percussion cap revolver was invented by Samuel Colt in 1836. This weapon became known as the Colt Paterson. The first cartridge revolvers were produced around 1856 by Smith and Wesson. The original name for the new type of firearm was "revolving gun". The abbrieviation "revolver" quickly caugt on and is universally used to this day.
+//**[[OTL]]**//: The first true revolver — a flintlock — was made by Elisha Collier in 1818. The percussion cap revolver was invented by Samuel Colt in 1836. This weapon became known as the Colt Paterson. The first cartridge revolvers were produced around 1856 by Smith and Wesson. The original name for the new type of firearm was "revolving gun". The abbrieviation "revolver" quickly caugt on and is universally used to this day.
 **The Fox and the Lillies**: "Rotator". A very similar term, denoting the 'rotating' of the cylinder, in contrast to the synonymous 'revolving'. Besides the more scientific term, a common word for a revolver in this TL is //paneira// - derived from the surname of its inventor, the Portuguese gunsmith Adão Paneira (this is similar to how a lot of early revolvers are still colloquialy called "colts" in many current OTL languages).
+===== Science fiction =====
+**//[[OTL]]//**: A tricky-to-define term, but generally describing speculative stories set in an imagined future setting that try to use a rational and scientific (rather than fantastic) approach. However, definitions of science fiction vary a lot. Although examples of what we would now call science fiction go back thousands of years, it was not recognised as a genre until the 19th century. The OTL term was apparently coined in 1851, but took a while to catch on: in the late 19th century "scientific romance" was the more popular term. In 1954 the trendy abbreviation "sci-fi" (by analogy to "hi-fi") was coined and was popular for a while, but became associated with 'pulpier' thriller settings by the public and thus many science fiction fans now reject it and prefer "SF". However, "SF" is also sometimes used to mean "speculative fiction", a broader modern label that also takes in fantasy and other genres.
+**[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: Somewhat different terminology and dividing lines between genres are used in LTTW. “Scientific romance” = OTL “science fiction” (but with an emphasis on futuristic settings—aliens landing in the present day would not be put in this category), “fantastic romance” = OTL “fantasy” and some “horror” (settings involving supernatural elements other than mainstream religious ones) and “speculative romance” = OTL “alternate history”, but a broader category drawing in the aforementioned aliens landing in the present day. Speculative romance is often considered the most ‘realist’ school of the three, focusing on how strange events change the world as it actually is (or was), not how the author wants it to be to make a point, as is often the case in scientific romance. All three schools are collectively referred to as ‘paracthonic romance’ (from Greek para-cthon ‘beyond the world’).
 ===== Sonar =====
-**//OTL://** "Sonar". An acronym for "**SO**und **N**avigation **A**nd **R**anging". As with "laser" and "radar", this is nowadays not much of an acronym and is used more often as a simple noun.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: "Sonar". An acronym for "**SO**und **N**avigation **A**nd **R**anging". As with "laser" and "radar", this is nowadays not much of an acronym and is used more often as a simple noun.
 **[[timelines:gurkani_alam_mughal_world|Gurkani Alam (Mughal World)]]**: "Etiroli Puthaiyal". Tamil for "Echo Location". Abbreviated as "Etiroli".
@@ Line 591: / Line 748: @@
 ===== Stockholm syndrome =====
-**//OTL://**: This psychological phenomennon is named after the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norrmalmstorg_robbery|bank robbery and hostage crisis that happened on the 23-28th August 1973 in the Norrmalmstorg suburb of Stockholm in Sweden]].
+**//[[OTL]]//**: This psychological phenomennon is named after the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norrmalmstorg_robbery|bank robbery and hostage crisis that happened on the 23-28th August 1973 in the Norrmalmstorg suburb of Stockholm in Sweden]].
 **[[timelines:Ad Astra Per Aspera]]**: "Hessian Syndrome". Named after the Hessian prisoners who later joined forces with the United States during the Revolutionary War.
@@ Line 598: / Line 755: @@
 ===== Submarine =====
-**//OTL://** The English term is derived from the Latin words //sub-// (prefix meaning 'under' or 'below') and //marina// (adj 'sea'). In other words, an "undersea (vessel)". In German, the term is translated literally to //Unterseeboot// ('Undersea boat') - //U-Boot// being the far more commonly used abbreviation.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: The English term is derived from the Latin words //sub-// (prefix meaning 'under' or 'below') and //marina// (adj 'sea'). In other words, an "undersea (vessel)". Note that the term submarine as an adjective to mean 'underwater' dates back to the 1640s, but it was first recorded as a noun (to describe an underwater //boat//) in 1899. In German, the term is translated literally to //Unterseeboot// ('Undersea boat') - //U-Boot// being the far more commonly used abbreviation.
 **[[timelines:decades_of_darkness|Decades of Darkness]]**: "Sea Wolf".
-**[[timelines:pax_gallicana|Pax Gallicana (Napoleon's Victory)]]**: "Sous-marin". Identical to the OTL French term, but more prevalent thanks to French geopolitical dominance in this TL.
+**[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: The word "submarine (boat)" is still used, but only for unarmed civilian versions used for things like deep-sea exploration. Armed military versions are usually called "Highfish" in English, a contraction and corruption of the German term //Eisenhaifisch// ("iron shark"). The semantic distinction between civilian and military is in part due to arms-limitation treaties, and is comparable to how in OTL Winston Churchill was adamant that German submarines always be called "U-boats" to create the idea of a moral distinction in the public's minds.
+**[[timelines:Pax Napoleonica]]**: "Sous-marin". Identical to the OTL French term, but more prevalent in other languages as well, thanks to French geopolitical dominance in this TL.
+**The Fox and the Lillies**: The first practical military submarines (ones that were capable of actively attacking by firing torpedoes) were invented pretty much concurrently with the first practical fighter aircraft - i.e. "aerohunters". Because of the high popularity of the term used for fighter planes, the term coined for their underwater counterparts was "hydrohunters" or "aquahunters". Both caught on quickly and have been used ever since, including their (often jocular) jargon abbreviations - e.g. "hy-ho-s", "eych-eychs", etc. Some particularly large subs (equivalent to OTL largest nuclear submarines) tend to be called "warwhales". The analogues of [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midget_submarine|OTL midget submarines]] are commonly known as "sea foxes". Russian countries with a naval tradition call their military submarines //metalkula// (a colloquial contraction of 'metal shark').
+**[[GURPS|GURPS Alternate Earths II, Cornwallis]]**: "Podvodnii", from Russian.
 ===== Tank =====
-**//OTL://** "Tank" (used in English, Russian, etc.). Derived from the British Army using an unassuming code word to suggest the construction work was of water tanks. Some languages created their own unique terms for this type of armoured vehicle, e.g. the French term //Char (de combat)//, translatable as 'battlewagon / battle chariot', or the Italian //Carro armato//, which means literally 'armoured carriage/vehicle'. //Panzer// (German) and //Pancer// (Polish) were created as a contraction of //Panzerkampfwagen//, meaning 'armoured fighting vehicle'. The unbuilt Austro-Hungarian Burstyn tank was referred to as a //Motorgeschütz// - 'motor cannon' - by its inventor.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: "Tank" (used in English, Russian, etc.). Derived from the British Army using an unassuming code word to suggest the construction work was of water tanks. Some languages created their own unique terms for this type of armoured vehicle, e.g. the French term //Char (de combat)//, translatable as 'battlewagon / battle chariot', or the Italian //Carro armato//, which means literally 'armoured carriage/vehicle'. Spanish and Asturian use the variant //Carro/Carru de combate//. //Panzer// (German) and //Pancer// (Polish) were created as a contraction of //Panzerkampfwagen//, meaning 'armoured fighting wagon/vehicle'. The modern Polish term is //czołg// ('crawler'), derived from the verb //czołgać się// ('to crawl'). Modern Hungarian occasionally refers to the vehicle by the terms //harckocsi// ('fighting-carriage') and //páncélos// ('armourclad'). The unbuilt Austro-Hungarian Burstyn tank was referred to as a //Motorgeschütz// - 'motor cannon' - by its inventor. In Svahili, a tank is a //kifaru// ('rhinoceros') and in Arabic, it is known as a //dabbāba// (after a type of medieval siege engine designed to shelter men who are digging a hole in enemy fortifications).
 **[[timelines:A Brother to Dragons]]**: "Chariot".
@@ Line 621: / Line 783: @@
 **[[timelines:Decades of Darkness]]**: "Arlac". A contraction of "**AR**moured **LA**nd **C**ruiser".
-**[[timelines/fight_and_be_right|Fight and Be Right]]**: "Hengst". It means "stallion" in German. The evolution of the tank is rather different in this timeline, coming mostly from steadily up-gunned armoured cars rather than the trench-crossers of OTL. Hence the name "Hengst", which happens to be the name of a particularly ubiquitous German design. The British come at things from a different route, as the Royal Artillery experiment with mounting guns on steam tractors to improve manouvrability. This leads to an even more pronounced Infrantry/Cruiser tank split than in OTL. Russians translate the term as "Жеребец" (//Zherebets//, Russian for "Stallion"). The //PZ// acronym of their famous [[http://www.alternatehistory.com/discussion/showpost.php?p=2482353&postcount=722|Mikulin-Beriev PZ-6]] model means //Pekhotniy zherebets 6// ("Infantry stallion 6").
+**[[timelines/fight_and_be_right|Fight and Be Right]]**: "Hengst". It means "stallion" in German. The evolution of the tank is rather different in this timeline, coming mostly from steadily up-gunned armoured cars rather than the trench-crossers of [[OTL]]. Hence the name "Hengst", which happens to be the name of a particularly ubiquitous German design. The British come at things from a different route, as the Royal Artillery experiment with mounting guns on steam tractors to improve manouvrability. This leads to an even more pronounced Infrantry/Cruiser tank split than in OTL. Russians translate the term as "Жеребец" (//Zherebets//, Russian for "Stallion"). The //PZ// acronym of their famous [[http://www.alternatehistory.com/discussion/showpost.php?p=2482353&postcount=722|Mikulin-Beriev PZ-6]] model means //Pekhotniy zherebets 6// ("Infantry stallion 6").
 **[[timelines/gurkani_alam_mughal_world|Gurkani Alam (Mughal World)]]**: "Elephant". Influenced by the stronger global standing of the nations of India in this TL.
@@ Line 627: / Line 789: @@
 **[[timelines/look_to_the_west|Look to the West]]**: The English use the term "Protgun", a contraction of "protected gun". The French use //Artillerie Blindé//, meaning "armoured artillery". The Russians use //Armart//, a contraction of the English "**ARM**oured **ART**illery", thus combining both English and French terms. The Germans call their tanks //Panzerkanone//, i. e. "armoured cannon".
-**[[timelines/pax_gallicana|Pax Gallicana (Napoleon's Victory)]]**: "TACs". An acronym for "Tracked Armoured Cars".
+**[[timelines:Pax Napoleonica]]**: "TACs". An acronym for "Tracked Armoured Cars".
 **[[timelines/pour_le_coeur|Pour le Coeur]]**: The first tanks in this TL were produced by France and were equipped with flame-throwers. The French infantrymen called these early vehicles //Enfumeurs// - "smoke-belchers". The English referenced this by calling //enfumeurs// "chimneys".
-**[[alternate_history/southern_victory|Southern Victory (TL-191)]]**: "Barrel", from the fact that the USA used the supply of a similar but slightly different unassuming item to conceal the project's funds. Note that the British of this TL still call their own tanks "tanks", but this use has not caught on internationally (parallelling how most of the different terms for "tank" didn't catch on outside of their OTL users, i. e. the French, Germans, Italians mentioned above). The tank destroyers appearing in later TL 191 novels are referred to as "barrel busters".
+**[[alternate_history/southern_victory|Southern Victory (TL-191)]]**: "Barrel", from the fact that the USA used the supply of a similar but slightly different unassuming item to conceal the project's funds. Note that the British of this TL still call their own tanks "tanks", but this use has not caught on internationally (parallelling how most of the different terms for "tank" didn't catch on outside of their [[OTL]] users, i. e. the French, Germans, Italians mentioned above). The tank destroyers appearing in later TL 191 novels are referred to as "barrel busters".
 **[[timelines/swarm_on_the_somme|Swarm on the Somme]]**: "Land Dreadnaught". Often abbrieviated with the acronym "LD" (plural "LDs"),  which is in turn occasionally mangled into "eldie(s)".
@@ Line 637: / Line 799: @@
 **[[timelines/the_britwank_empire|The Britwank Empire]]**: "Cataphract". Named for the heavily armoured cavalry of antiquity.
-**The Fox and the Lillies**: The Italians use //carrmato//, a colloquialised contraction of the OTL two word term. Since Italians were among the main inovators and long-time distributors of tanks to many nearby parts of Europe, the term has caught on in the Balkans and in central Europe (including some of the more southern German-speaking countries). This has led to many Slavic, German and Hungarian calcques of the original term - the most common one being //karmat//. Most Germans outside of the Austrian and Swiss territories refer to their tanks as //pankam// (abbriev. "Panzerkampfzeug", acronym //PKZ//). The anglophone nations usualy call it a //tracklayer// or //treader// and the Russians use the term //vezdekhod// (lit. "everywhere-goer" - inspired by the name of an [[http://www.landships.freeservers.com/vezdekhod_aleksandr.htm|unfinished OTL Russian tank project]]).
+**The Fox and the Lillies**: The Italians use //carrmato//, a colloquialised contraction of the [[OTL]] two word Italian term. Since Italians were among the main inovators and long-time distributors of tanks to many nearby parts of Europe, the term has caught on in the Balkans and in central Europe (including some of the more southern German-speaking countries). This has led to many Slavic, German and Hungarian calcques of the original term - the most common one being //karmat//. Most Germans outside of the Austrian and Swiss territories refer to their tanks as //pankam// (abbreviation of "Panzerkampfzeug", acronym //PKZ//). The anglophone nations usualy call it a //tracklayer// or //treader// and the Russians use the term //vezdekhod// (lit. "everywhere-goer" - inspired by the name of an [[http://www.landships.info/landships/tank_articles.html?load=tank_articles/Vezdekhod.html|unfinished OTL Russian tank project]]).
-**[[alternate_history/worldwar|Worldwar]]**: "Landcruiser". Used by the army of the Race. Human WWII vehicles are still "tanks" or "panzers", depending on their country of origin.
+**[[alternate_history/worldwar|Worldwar]]**: "Landcruiser". Used by the army of the Race. Human WWII vehicles are still "tanks" or "panzers", depending on their country of origin. However, the Chinese mostly use the Race term as they had little experience of tanks before the invasion.
 ===== Teddy bears =====
-**//OTL://** Named after POTUS Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt who famously didn't shoot a young bear cub.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: Named after POTUS Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt who famously didn't shoot a young bear cub.
 **[[timelines/chaos|Chaos]]**: "Mishka". Named by the Russians, refers to a stereotypical name for a male bear ("Michael/Mikey" in English).
 **[[timelines/fight_and_be_right|Fight and Be Right]]**: The "Randy Bear". Unfortunately named after Prime Minister Randolph Churchill.
+===== Telegraphy and Telegrams ======
+//**[[OTL]]**//: From the Greek //tele// "far" and //graph// "to write". Strictly speaking, telegraphy is a very general term that takes in any kind of long-range transmission (semaphore towers were formerly called telegraphs for example) but generally people use the word to mean the electrically based, cable-using (not wireless) form that revolutionised communications in the 19th century. Associated with Morse code (or an ATL equivalent) due to being based on an 'off or on' binary system.
+**[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Lectel", a contraction of "Electric Telegraphy". Named in contrast to Optel ("Optical Telegraphy", semaphore) and eventually Photel ("Photonic Telegraphy", wireless radio).
 ===== Telephone ======
-//**OTL**//: Created as a portmanteau of the Greek words //τῆλε (tēle)//, meaning 'far' and //φωνή (phōnē)//, meaning "voice". The tele- suffix was also adopted for the OTL term for television (see next entry).
+//**[[OTL]]**//: Created as a portmanteau of the Greek words //τῆλε (tēle)//, meaning 'far' and //φωνή (phōnē)//, meaning "voice". The tele- prefix was also adopted for the OTL term for television (see next entry).
 **[[timelines:Cliveless World]]**: "Televox". A different way of saying 'far-voice', this ATL term is, in contrast, a Greek-Latin kitbash (//vox// being the Latin word for 'voice').
-**[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Quister", a contraction of "Ventriloquist machine". This was originally a sarcastic term coined by an "it will never catch on" figure sceptical of the telephone's merits. After the inventions success, the term was used in an ironic sense by its supporters.
+**[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Quister", a contraction of "Ventriloquist machine". This was originally a sarcastic term coined by an "it will never catch on" figure sceptical of the telephone's merits. After the invention's success, the term was used in an ironic sense by its supporters.
 **[[Romanitas]]**: "Longdictor". Most (if not all) modern day telephones in this world are actually videophones, with screens included as standard.
@@ Line 662: / Line 831: @@
 ===== Television =====
-**//OTL://** "Television" (in English and many other languages). A kitbash of the Greek word for 'far' and the Latin word for 'sight', which is more literally seen in the German term //Fernseher// ("farseer"). Earlier names include "radiovision" and "a televisor" for a television set. Unlike English, "televisor" has remained in use in several European languages.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: "Television" (in English and many other languages). A kitbash of the Greek word for 'far' and the Latin word for 'sight', which is more literally seen in the German term //Fernseher// ("farseer"). Earlier names include "radiovision" and "a televisor" for a television set. Unlike English, "televisor" has remained in use in several European languages.
 **[[timelines:A Brother to Dragons]]**: "Kinetotube". From the Greek //kinesis// ("movement") + tube (derived from an early, mechano-electric form of television in OTL, known as the "kinetoscope").
@@ Line 668: / Line 837: @@
 **[[alternate_history:For Want Of A Nail]]**: "Vitavision". Literally 'life-vision' (//vita// being the Latin term for 'life').
-**[[alternate_history:In the Presence of Mine Enemies]]**: "Televisors".
+**[[alternate_history:In the Presence of Mine Enemies]], [[alternate_history:The Two Georges]] and [[GURPS|GURPS Alternate Earths I, Gernsback]]**: "Televisors".
 **[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Motoscope".
 **[[Romanitas]]**: "Longviewer".
-**[[alternate_history:The Two Georges]]**: "Televisors".
 **The Fox and the Lillies**: "Viticony". Roughly translatable as 'life-picturing', 'life-imaging' or 'capturing images of life'. A TV set is a "viticony receiver/viticony device" (colloquial abbrieviations of the term include "vitty" and "crate" - similar to the OTL "telly" and "tube").
+===== Ultraviolet =====
+**//[[OTL]]//**: The part of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths just shorter than violet light and therefore just out of the visible spectrum. The Latin prefix 'ultra-' means 'above', i.e. 'above violet' in the spectrum.
+**[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Supracynthic light", a contraction of "suprahyacynthic". 'Supra-' is another Latin prefix meaning 'above', while 'hyacyntho' is Latin for the colour violet.
 ===== Uncertainty principle =====
-//**OTL**//: (English) Used to describe the fact that one cannot be certain about both the speed and position of a given particle at the same time.
+//**[[OTL]]**//: (English) Used to describe the fact that one cannot be certain about both the speed and position of a given particle at the same time.
 **[[timelines/the_britwank_empire|The Britwank Empire]]**: "Indeterminacy theory". A slightly better translation of the OTL German term.
+**[[timelines:Look to the West]]**: "Eleatic particle problem". A reference to the "Achilles and the Tortoise" paradox of Xeno of //Elea//, which the physicists proposing the idea used as a metaphor for the issues surrounding it. Note that the "problem" terminology comes from these physicists originally using this as a //criticism// of quantum theory ("inversion theory" in TTL) but it eventually became used even by the theory's supporters--much like "Schroedinger's Cat" in OTL.
 ===== Utopians =====
-**//OTL//**: People who believe in some form of utopia. The term is derived from a word invented by Thomas More, which hints both at //ou topos// ("no such place") and //eu topos// ("a beautiful place").
+**//[[OTL]]//**: People who believe in some form of utopia. The term is derived from a word invented by Thomas More, which hints both at //ou topos// ("no such place") and //eu topos// ("a beautiful place").
 **[[timelines/chaos|Chaos]]**: "Fictionalists". Self-explanatory.
@@ Line 692: / Line 867: @@
 ===== Virtual reality =====
-**//OTL//**: A term coined by the French writer Antonin Artaud in 1938 as //la realité virtuelle//.
+**//[[OTL]]//**: A term coined by the French writer Antonin Artaud in 1938 as //la realité virtuelle//.
 **[[timelines/chaos|Chaos]]**: "Märchenwelt". German for "fairytale world".
@@ Line 702: / Line 877: @@
 **[[Alternate Geographic Names]]**
-**[[resources/etymology|Resources: Etymology]]** - A collection of links to sites dealing with etymology. Useful if you're trying to create your own plausible alternate terms.
+**[[resources:Etymology|Useful Resources about Alternate Etymology]]** - A collection of links to sites dealing with etymology. Useful if you're trying to create your own plausible alternate terms.

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